Resumo
El cambio climático afecta el desarrollo y rendimiento de los cultivos, con posibles impactos negativos en la seguridad alimentaria y la economía. Por ello, se analizaron los estudios reportados en la literatura, que emplearon análisis econométricos a nivel microeconómico, para estimar los impactos económicos del cambio climático en la agricultura. Se encontró un mayor uso del modelo Ricardiano, en comparación con el modelo de función de producción. Ambos emplean variables independientes climáticas, de suelo y socioeconómicas. Las variables respuesta más frecuentes fueron ingresos netos agrícolas y valor de la tierra, para el modelo Ricardiano, así como producción y rendimiento, para el modelo de función de producción. Se discutieron las fortalezas y debilidades de estos modelos. La mayoría de los estudios reportaron que el incremento de la temperatura y la disminución de la precipitación tienen impactos negativos en la agricultura. Esto representa un gran desafío para la adaptación al cambio climático.
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