Keywords
Gini index
dental caries
gingivitis
edentulism índice de marginación
índice de Gini
caries dental
gingivitis
edentulismo
How to Cite
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a systematic review to explore the relationship between population indices and the prevalence of oral diseases. We searched (EBSCO host, PubMed, Sciencedirect) for articles published between 2020 and 2024 in Spanish and English. Four articles that met the following inclusion criteria were selected: original research articles, open-source articles, research based on secondary data, related to population indices and oral diseases. The process to select the articles was very exhaustive and key data were extracted. The systematic review identified that economic inequality, measured by the Gini index, was significantly related to some oral diseases, such as dental caries, especially among vulnerable populations. On the contrary, periodontal disease showed a less direct association with economic inequality. However, contextual factors contributed to development of this disease. It was also evident that members of families with low income or a low schooling showed a higher prevalence of caries, especially among infants. The review notes the relationship between population indices and the prevalence of some oral diseases, with socioeconomic inequalities being key determinants in how these diseases are spread and how serious they are.
References
Antunes, J. L., Narvai, P. C., Nugent, Z. J. (2004). Measuring inequalities in the distribution of dental caries. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol, 32(1), 41-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00125.x
Bernabé, E., Sheiham, A., Sabbah, W. (2009). Income, income inequality, dental caries and dental care levels: An ecological study in rich countries. Caries Res., 43(4), 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1159/000217862
Carrasco, M. y Milagros, B. (2009). Características socioecnómicas y salud bucal de escolares de instituciones educativas públicas. Kiru. 6(2), 78-83. https://tinyurl.com/mxsyw6vx
Cavalcanti, A. L., Andrade, N. M., Brandt, L. M. T., Freitas-Fernandes, L. H., Toscano, R. L., Auad, S. M. (2020). Risk Behaviors for Eating Disorders Among Brazilian Female Adolescents. Open Dent J., 14(1), 7-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010007
Celeste, R. K., Nadanovsky, P., Ponce de León, A., Fritzell, J. (2009). The individual and contextual pathways between oral health and income inequality in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Soc. Sci. Med., 69(10), 1468-1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.005
Costa, N. C., Abreu, M. H. N. G., Pinto, R. S., Vargas-Ferreira, F. y Martins, R. C. (2022). Factors associated with toothache in 12-year-old adolescents in asoutheastern state of Brazil. Braz Oral Res., 36, e057. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0057
Costa, S. M., Martins, C. C., Bonfim, M., Zina, L. G., Paiva, S. M., Pordeus, I. A., y Abreu, M. H. N. G. (2012). A systematic review of socioeconomic indicators and dental caries in adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 9(10), 3540-3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9103540
Chalub, L., Martins, C., Ferreira, R., Vargas, A. (2016). Functional dentition in Brazilian adults: An investigation of social determinants of health (SDH) using a multilevel approach. PLoS One, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148859
Gobierno de México. (2023a). Secretaría de Salud. Caries, gingivitis y maloclusión, afecciones bucales más comunes entre la población mexicana. SSA. https://tinyurl.com/bddux87f
Gobierno de México. (2023b). Sistema de información Legislativa. Ciudad de México. SIL. https://tinyurl.com/4tmdu4xw
Guizar, J. M., López, C. A., Amador, N., Lozano, O., García, C. A. (2019). Determinantes del cuidado de la salud oral relacionados con la frecuencia y severidad de la caries dental en preescolares. Nova Scientia, 11(22), 85-101. https://tinyurl.com/yckfz32a
Instituto de Estadística y Censos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires [IDECBA]. (2023). Sistema de Indicadores Demográficos. IDECBA. https://tinyurl.com/43tsptrd
Luengas-Aguirre, M. I., Sáenz-Martínez, L. P., Tenorio-Torres, G., Garcilazo-Gómez, A., Díaz-Franco, M. A. (2015). Aspectos sociales y biológicos del edentulismo en México: un problema visible de las inequidades en salud. Ciencias Clínicas. 16(2), 29–36. https://tinyurl.com/yph3yt69
Macedo, T. F. F., Abreu, M. H. N. G., Martins, R. C., Matta-Machado, A. T. G. D., Pinto, R. D. S., Castilho, L. S., Vargas-Ferreira, F. (2021). Contextual and individual factors associated with dental pain in adolescents from Southeastern Brazil. Braz Oral Res. 35, e111. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0111
Masood, M., Masood, Y., Newton, T. (2012). Impact of national income and inequality on sugar and caries relationship. Caries Res, 46(6), 581-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342170
Maupome-Carvantes, G., Borges-Yáñez, S. A., Ledesma-Montes, C., Herrera-Echauri, R. R., Leyva-Huerta, E., Navarro-Álvarez, A. (1993). Prevalencia de caries en zonas rurales y peri-urbanas marginadas. Salud Pública Méx., 35(3), 357-67. https://saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/5672
OMS. (2024). Salud bucodental. WHO. https://tinyurl.com/2skta29s
Peres, M. A., Peres, K. G., Ferreira-Antunes, J. L., Junqueira, S. R., Frazão, P., Narva, P. C. (2003). The association between socioeconomic development at the town level and the distribution of dental caries in Brazilian children. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 14(3), 149-57. https://tinyurl.com/mrxavt6t
Piovesan C, Mendes FM, Antunes JL, Ardenghi TM. (2011). Inequalities in the distribution of dental caries among 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. Braz Oral Res, 25(1), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242011000100012
Piovesan, C., Mendes, F. M., Ferreira, F.V., Guedes, R. S., Ardenghi, T. M. (2010). Socioeconomic inequalities in the distribution of dental caries in Brazilian preschool children. J Public Health Dent. 70(4), 319-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2010.00191.x
Rodríguez-Godoy, M., Navarro-Saiz, L. M., Alzate, J. P., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C. (2022). Inequidad en el ingreso y caries de la infancia temprana en Colombia: un análisis multinivel. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 27(6), 2325–36.
Tan H. (2024). Equity and Prediction of Bed Allocation of the Department of Stomatology in Chinese Hospitals. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 17, 1465-1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S461085
Wei, Y., Wang, Z., Lei, L., Chen, L. (2021). Global burden of periodontal disease and its relation with socioeconomic development during 1990-2019. Journal Of Zhejiang University. 50(5), 545-52. https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0321
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 María de Lourdes Mota Morales, Jesús Domínguez Rivera